How to Land a Freelance Writing Job in 2019 (as a Beginner)

Its 2019, and you want to be a freelance writer. What are the new things you need to know? I landed my first freelance writing job over 4 years ago. In that time, a lot has changed in how you find freelance writing jobs for beginners. But, dont worry! Im up-to-date with whats going on in the freelance writing world. Im still a freelance writer, and Ive learned to adapt to these new strategies or newer ways to find clients. Before we get into the nitty-gritty of this post, lets go over the pre-requisites you need to become a freelance writer, how to be credible as a writer and what the popular freelance writing jobs there are in 2019. After that, I will give you some detailed methods to finding your first freelance writing job even if you dont have experience. What Do You Need to Be a Freelance Writer? The great thing about starting freelance writing is that you dont need any experience! I was able to start as a new mom to twins and with no experience blogging, and I was able to land my first profitable gig in just a couple of months. But, this doesnt mean you can start with nothing! Here are some materials and personality traits you need to become a freelance writer. Laptop you can get by with any laptop. My house is a Mac user house, and those are the laptops I do most of my writing. Just remember to type appropriately so you avoid hand issues over time. Proper seating invest in a good computer chair. Dont base your entire freelance writing business on the couch! Big no-no! (or even the kitchen counter). Paypal account if you already have one, get a business account when you land clients. Email address most of your negotiations will be made via email or. Skype address some clients want to talk to you face-to-face, and Skype is a tool most know about. Aside from the tools you need, here are some personality traits you need to succeed as a freelance writer. Motivation and Desire I get a lot of emails from those wanting to start but have a hard time motivating themselves. Freelance writing is a solo job. You have to motivate YOURSELF to do the work and to pitch. You also need the desire to want to CHANGE your life since freelance writing means you can ultimately make money from home. Putting yourself out there For a lot of newbies, the thought of putting yourself out there sends them to the hills! But, its 2019, and you cant hide behind a cartoon avatar or without any social media profiles. How to Show Youre a Freelance Writer (When You Have No Experience) There are key ways to show that youre an actual freelance writer when youve never freelance wrote in your life! 1. Start a Blog This is the simplest way to get your writing online and one that can help land freelance writing jobs for beginners. Check out my post on how to start a blog for your service-based business and make sure to watch the video tutorial! Even the non-tech person can do this (trust me, I did it, and Im soooo not techy). Starting a blog doesnt have to cost a lot of money either. With my special link, you can get started for under $100. When you think about it, when your parents wanted to start a business, they had to spend a lot of money to get business cards and an ad in the local newspaper. In 2019, you start a blog, market yourself and can start making money as a freelance writer! 2. Start Guest Posting Guest posting is when your content is on someone elses website. You can get paid to guest post or land a free guest post spot. When I started guest posting to build my freelance writing portfolio, I relied on free guest spots with high authority like Psych Central for example. To find places to guest post, you can run a quick Google search on your niche and write for us. For example, heres the result for pet guest blogs. Its that easy. Click on a link and read the requirements. Some blogs want the whole draft, while others want several topics. 3. Sign Up for a Contently Portfolio Contently is a content marketing blog, but also has a platform to showcase your portfolio. Here is what mine looks like: When you register, you fill out your information. They ask where youve been published, but you can skip that and upload your guest post or sample (which I will talk about in a bit). If you have a sample, Contently will populate the title (most of the time) and information, but will not populate an image. Its up to you to grab the image and upload to Contently. If you are a Mac user, you can get Skitch and take screenshots easily. Free Course on Getting Paid to Write Online 4. Start a Facebook Page Now, Ill be the first to say that my Facebook page doesnt create freelance writing jobs. But thats because my target audience is you future freelance writers. My page isnt for promoting my freelance writing services. But, you can create a Facebook page for that purpose. Many solopreneurs have a Facebook page to promote their freelance service. Go here to create your page. Youll be asked to niche down your business. I chose Artist, Brand or Public Figure. From there use the drop-down menu and choose, writer. From here you hit get started and fill out your page! When you have your Facebook page all set up, you need to start following blogs and brands you eventually want to write for. To gain followers, you have to share valuable content as well as personal content. Some examples might be: Your latest blog post Your latest guest post Your latest client piece A video that can help your ideal client An article that can help your ideal client An update on your freelance writing business A Facebook live on a topic in your freelance writing nice (Ex: if youre a food writer, you can do a Facebook Live on your latest blog post on food safety measures and repurpose it as a video while you cook dinner!) 5. Create a Sample There are some easy and obscure ways you can create samples. The easiest is to draft a blog post. I learned quickly the best ways to create a blog post for my portfolio. But for many of us, we have a personal blog and then your freelance writing blog. For me, Twins Mommy is my personal blog, and Elna Cain is my freelance blog. While the topics on this blog are for freelance writers, I have landed jobs from this blog alone. The thing to remember though, creating a sample is different than creating a blog post for your personal blog. For example, if you have a personal blog about parenting, a post on YOUR blog could be: 5 Tips To GetYour Baby Sleeping Through the Night But, if you have a parenting client, a blog post idea might be: What the Sleep Experts Say About Crying It Out Do you see the difference? Your post is more personal with examples from your experience sleep training while your clients post is credible ideas from experts on one idea of crying it out. So make sure when you create a sample, you think of it as a client post. If you dont have a blog, you can use a blogger platform like Medium to create your sample. Medium is a great platform as you can really grow your presence on there and get seen by top editors as well as find freelance writing jobs! When you have a sample, make sure its on your website. You can have a portfolio page or a blog (if you created a blog post as your first sample). I would then go and upload it to Contently and share it on Facebook! Get the word out that youre a freelance writer now!! 6. Network With Other Writers Finally, the last way to show that youre a legit freelance writer is to network with other writers. This is what I did when I was learning about freelance writing jobs. I emailed a few top writers and asked questions like how to set my rate or some ways to guest post. A lot of freelance writers are helpful and want to offer their tips. I get a lot of emails from new writers, and I do my best to answer every single email. You can also visit freelance writer websites and learn how they market themselves, where theyve been published and what they write about. Freelance Writing Jobs for Beginners in 2019 Do you want to know the secret about finding freelance writing jobs as a beginner in 2019? Its finding a profitable and recurring freelance writing job. What are the top profitable niches for freelance writers in 2019? Speechwriting According to Oberlo speech writing and CV writing will be big this year. One type of speechwritingis trying to convince an audience of one idea or concept. The other type is more general like with commencement speeches or those you hear at conferences. When looking at freelance jobs in 2019, you also have to look at the top eCommerce industries. Small Business Writing Top eCommerce niches include organic beauty products, baby equipment, matcha, and pet supplies. What this tells you is that more small businesses will cater to these niches online, making more projects for content and lead generation. Thats where you come in. This is great for mom bloggers! The baby equipment niche! Sign me up. As a new freelance writer, go offline and check out magazines, shop at stores that cater to these niches like Baby R Us or PetSmart. See what types of products are out there and then do your research online to find those eCommerce sites that cater to those niches. Yes, I know that sounds like A LOT for a BRAND NEW FREELANCE WRITER, but this is 2019. You have to be a better writer than everyone out there, and that means upping your business savviness! What are other popular freelance writing jobs there for 2019? Video Script Writing I strongly believe that video marketing will get bigger this year. With Facebook Live being so popular now, more and more apps and tools are being created to leverage this new niche. As a freelance writer, you can market video script writing, or you can blog or do more content marketing writing for new apps that cater to video marketing. One of my long-time freelance writing clients asked me to do an ultimate guide for email marketing. I jumped at this opportunity because I LOVE digital marketing. I decided to up my freelance writing game and created a video for that post! And you know what? I far exceeded my clients expectation. If you can start offering more than just freelance writing like video script writing or videos you will generate buzz and income. But, youre brand new how do you do this? Thats okay. Start as a video scriptwriter. Then when youre comfortable for me, that was 3 years! dabble in Facebook Lives for a while. For writers that have been at it for at least a year, I can bet you can offer video tutorials with your blog post and suddenly became your clients #1 writer for the rest of his or her life! Email Marketing Writing Another freelance writing niche for 2019 is email marketing. Email marketing is HUGE for small businesses, big brands, and the solopreneur. From onboarding series to sales funnels to launch emails, there is no shortage of this type of content. And its high paying. As a copywriter, I would suggest getting to know various email service providers like MailChimp, ConvertKit or ActiveCampaign. I would also sign up for businesses emails like Grammarly for example. Learn the type of emails they send and how they engage with their customers or leads. Ghostwrite for Small Businesses Finally, digital products will take a huge surge this year. This is anything from an online course to eBooks to printables or guides. You can market yourself as the ghostwriter for those eBooks or lead magnets. You can even ghostwrite courses. Here is an inquiry from a client of mine that requested coursework writing. These projects usually take months to do and are very lucrative, and something new freelance writers should embark upon! As a freelance writer, you have to be up-to-date with what is happening online in 2019. How to Find Your First Freelance Writing Job The time has come. How to find land that first freelance writing client in 2019. Im going to share with you four main ways to find freelance writing jobs. There are many, many other ways to find an online writing gig, but for this post, I dont want overwhelm you with all your options. If you stick with these core strategies, youll have no shortage of finding recurring work. 1. Look at Freelance Writing Jobs One of the first things I used to find jobs was a freelance writing job board. Check out this post for an insanely fast way to find freelance writing jobs. My top free job board is ProBlogger. ProBloggers job board is updated all the time with fresh new leads. You can quickly scroll down the list for new job listings or use the search function to find relevant jobs in your niche. How can you tell if a freelance writing job is legit or good quality? The ad shows that they value content The project isnt mass articles like 20 articles a week The pay is adequate ($50 or a post) You can research the company (mostly) They dont pay pennies for pillar type of content as seen on QuickSprout They dont ask you to draft a sample just for THEM. Most good quality jobs ask for recurring content and understand that freelance writers have different skill sets. You can also look at markets for paid submissions. All Freelance Writing has a directory of paid markets. Finally, you can look at LinkedIn Jobs to see what is available. With LinkedIn jobs, it is based on your location. For me, LinkedIn is finding gigs in the Vancouver area, which is cool. I dont mind working with Canadian companies! If you want more freelance writing jobs, check out this post with my best 5 freelance writing job boards. 2. Use Your Website Your freelance writing website can be a strong marketing tool and can help you land amazing and high-paying freelance writing jobs. You dont need a fancy website with an expensive theme. You can get started with a free theme. Make sure, though, to have these pages on your site: Services page tell your ideal client what your services are and how that can help THEM with growing their business About page show them how YOU can help THEM with their business. Dont write about how you grew up loving writing or that you went to college to be a writer. Businesses want to know how YOUR writing can help THEM. Portfolio page share all your content on this page. There are many ways you can display your portfolio. Contact page make sure you list any social media profiles and/or your Skype ID. Make it easy for leads to contact you. If you need more help starting a freelance writer website, check out this! Once you have your writer website, its time to optimize it to drive more inquiries. You do this effectively by promoting your website in your emails and guest posts. Youll know if your writer website is working for you when leads come to your site and fill out your contact form. 3. Cold Pitching Cold pitching is when you pitch to companies that arent readily seeking a freelance writer. Sounds scary, right? But, it totally works. Heres a Writeto1k students success with cold pitching. But, how do you cold pitch? First, you need to understand and know your ideal client. Who is your client? This can take some time to decide, but its essential to cold pitching. Think of clients that have products or tools. You know that they can pay a freelance writer. For example, my ideal client is B2B digitally native brands. Maybe your ideal freelance writing client ismedical equipment companies. Or, female financial authors. Once you find your ideal client, you can start finding those companies. From there you do your search. Read their about page, mission statement, blog, and any other pages. Find out who to email (usually editors or those in charge of marketing). Then craft your email. To find clients to cold email, go to Angel List and scroll to the bottom. Click on, marketing jobs. This section shows writing jobs. From here, scroll to the bottom of the page and click on Job Roles. Then click on More Marketing Roles. Then on Content writing From here you can see the roles and companies and pitch to. Another place to find companies to cold pitch to is Manta. Manta is a small business directory. Scroll to the bottom to get a list of businesses. Click on a niche and see the businesses to pitch to. 4. Guest Posting Ive talked about guest posting already, but now lets talk about how to do guest posting right. The best places to guest post on are high authority sites. These are sites that everyone knows about or sites that rank in Google when you search a term. When you land a guest post on such a site, it will open the doors for freelance writing clients. Writeto1k student landed a guest spot on Lifehack! Nice! Take the time to scout big publications and websites and when youre ready, pitch to them. Another strategy for guest posting is to guest post on niche blogs. These arent popular with the masses but are related to your freelance writing niche. This can show your credibility and give you social proof that youre the expert in your niche. When I first started freelance writing, I decided one of my niches would be autism behavioral therapy. Since this is in my background and I have extensive training in this application, I thought a guest post in that niche could help me in the future. So figure out your strategy. For brand new writers, try the niche guest posting strategy first. This is what I did. Time to Pitch Your pitch is the way youre going to land freelance writing jobs. Whether you pitch a guest spot or a content job, you need a strong pitch. I suggest you develop your own pitch that shows your credibility in your niche. But, you can use a template. In your pitch, state who you are, what you do and how you can help them. A simple pitch can be: Hi, My name is Elna and Im a freelance writer in the digital marketing niche. Your ad on ProBlogger caught my immediate attention. I exclusively write in the digital marketing niche by providing content on email marketing, content marketing and social media marketing. Please check out my portfolio for samples. I would love to discuss some content ideas. I look forward to hearing from you. Send out your pitches and wait. If you hear back from some of those pitches, congratulations! Now comes the negotiation part. Read the email and see what the prospect wants. Many will come back with more information about what they are seeking. Its up to you to reply with your experience and credibility accurately and persuasively. Heres a handy infographic if you want to share it! Thanks so much! Become a Freelance Writer in 2019 This is a great year to become a freelance writer! More and more businesses are starting online, more digital native brands are popping up and more and more opportunities are here! Dont think that there arent freelance writing jobs for you. If there is the internet and if there are businesses, you will be in demand. I encourage you to become a highly-paid writer today and enroll in Write Your Way to Your First $1k.

How to update your LinkedIn profile for 2019

How to update your LinkedIn profile for 2019 Whether you have a New Year’s resolution to boost your network or you are gearing up for a job search, sprucing up your LinkedIn profile is a great way to start the year. Let’s look at some strategies for starting your year off right, and setting yourself up for even better connections and opportunities in 2019. 6 ways you can refresh your LinkedIn profile for career successUpdate your profile photoThe human eye tends to gravitate toward images first, so when you’re making over your LinkedIn profile, thinking about your photo is a good place to start. How old is your current photo? If it’s several years old at this point, consider replacing with a newer photo. You may not have changed much, but it’s still important to keep things fresh.Remember, your LinkedIn profile picture should be a natural-looking headshot, or at least a photo of you solo. (No party pics, for so many reasons.) You don’t have to be doing a Zoolander-esque Blue Steel pose to show everyone you mean business, so a little smile and approachability can go a long way. It also doesn’t have to be an official production- a candid shot is fine as long as it’s a clear shot of you and is appropriate for any professional context.Upgrade your headline and summaryYour LinkedIn profile is the very definition of â€Å"first impression.† A hiring manager or recruiter might be browsing, or checking up on you to supplement a job application. You want the first thing they see to be attention-grabby, but informative.Here are some examples of strong headlines:Salesperson of the YearInnovative Project ManagerCreative Social Media MavenYour summary should be an updated snapshot of wh ere you are in your career right now. That means taking stock of the past year and thinking about what you’ve been working on, what you’ve achieved, and what you’ve learned about your industry. The summary isn’t a full-on resume, but it should be a brief paragraph or two for a reader to get a quick sense of who you are as a professional, at this moment.Check your settingsThis is a good idea with any social media account these days, but you should take this opportunity to do a yearly review of your LinkedIn account and privacy settings. Who’s able to see your profile? Who’s able to contact you? Are you officially open to opportunities from recruiters? All of this information is in your Account settings page on LinkedIn. The â€Å"open to opportunities† setting is most important if you’re about to kick off a job search. It’s not available to the world, but can bring opportunities your way that might not otherwise pop up.Update your keywordsMost industries move pretty fast these days, so the trends and buzzwords from the last time you updated might not be so relevant anymore. A little legwork can help you modernize your profile for 2019. Look at job descriptions in your field. What kinds of skills are they looking for? Are there new software programs or skills that are emerging? What kinds of qualities are they looking for? Even if you’re not actively looking for a job, browsing the current job openings can tell you what the landscape looks like and what language employers are using. Then you can apply that to your own profile, using keywords that can catch attention.Update your experience bullet pointsThis is especially true if you haven’t really touched your LinkedIn profile in the past year. Consider what projects you’ve done and whether you’ve picked up any new skills, certifications, or accolades. Part of LinkedIn’s appeal is tha t it can serve as a kind of living resume in addition to its social media aspects, so take advantage and make sure your professional bio is up to date.Review your connectionsIf you want to broaden your LinkedIn connections or maybe get rid of some that are no longer relevant, now is the time to do it. Look at your current connections and think about whether you want to keep them in your orbit. Browse connections-of-connections and see if there’s anyone new or interesting you’d like to have in your network. Search content or blog posts in your field and discover potential connections that way. If you want to maximize LinkedIn this year, make sure you’re getting the most out of the massive network of human connections.Your LinkedIn profile is one of the easiest targets for upgrading your professional life this year. It puts your most up-to-date information out in the world, so pay attention to it and keep it fresh! Some great new connection you make now could lead to awesome opportunities in 2019.

Short answer discussion for Industrial Relations in Australia Assignment

Short answer discussion for Industrial Relations in Australia - Assignment Example Within the organization, employees and management have different ways of interaction. Among the many ways in which management and employees interact within a work environment involve various variables that influence how employees and management view the work environment. Pluralism, unlike unitarism, is involved in deliberating how employees’ demands can be met at the work environment. Unitarism focuses on the welfare of the organization and both employees and management work towards meeting various goals and organization-wide objectives. For unitarism, the organization comes first and stakeholders understand that through collaborative effort, they are able to satisfy the mission and vision of the organization. Pluralism on the other hand, is richly accustomed with considering employee demands and allows employees to voice their demands. According to Marxists, the employment relationship is in many instances resembling a battle between capitalists and labor. As employers and employees interact, the Marxist view shows the inherent imbalance of power. In one sphere, the capitalists drive their businesses and organizations towards growth and development. In order for capitalists to accumulate wealth and impact the economy, policies that control how employees approach work are designed and implemented. On the other hand, labourers take the capitalist approach as problematic as it masks the freedom to make decisions and voice demands. Through the struggle for power and fair treatment, employees seek the aid of trade and labour unions in negotiating their terms to the employers/capitalists. In Australia, the role played by state agencies as parties to employee relations include, but it is not limited to, the proposal and implementation of protective laws to ensure that employers and employees can shed of some of the industrial disputes registered between 1890s and 1990s. From

Black Skin, White Masks by Frantz Fanon 1952 Essay - 1

Black Skin, White Masks by Frantz Fanon 1952 - Essay Example This fight has taken time, and it may take more time before the racial prejudice is eradicated entirely from society (Noble 48). In Black Skin, White Masks, the author wanted to bring the attention of the reader to the racial injustice that many of the people suffered. This paper will address some of the statements in the book, and what they might have meant as they had an impact on society. Fanon Frantz was a published author who championed the fight against racial discrimination through literature. His fight for the Algerian people against colonization from the French was deeply appreciated. His analysis on the manner in which individuals were passionate about their rights against colonization was brought out in many of his works. In Black Skin, White Masks, he brings about the issue of hybridity among the African people, and the role they played in bringing about anti-colonial cultures. The acceptance of ‘hybrids’ into the French system was seen as a means to oppose colonial practices, and a means of accepting cultures across borders. By neither applying his works to either assimilation or white supremacist regimes, his works received a lot of attention (Fanon 56). In one of his famous statements, Fanon describes the manner in which Africans are racialized and forced to live. He insists that black people must put on a facade for them to get by in the white community. This is so as to allow them to have the right access to some of the elementary provisions of life. What Fanon implies in that statement is the manner in which race has deformed the manner in which people live, whether black or white. When the whites want to dominate the African continent, they have to rely on their skin colour to express their dominance and superiority. They are enslaved in their thinking that being white is the reason why they should be feared. The manner in which Africans are racialized is to

Adidas Smoking Campaign Essay Example for Free

Adidas Smoking Campaign Essay Adidas’s latest anti-smoking campaign features three cigarette butts layed out in a white background in the style of its logo, which includes their motto â€Å"impossible is nothing†. As one of the largest suppliers of athletic gear, Adidas looks to not only promote greater advantages in sports recreation, but also in good health. The communicator in the ad is the company Adidas, the primary audience would be smokers out there, but this message also applies to all athletes and athletic individuals. The message and purpose of the ad includes the fact that people who are smoking always have the option to quit, and as their motto implies, â€Å"impossible is nothing†. Normally, their motto is attributed to the fact that it is not impossible to try new things and go new depths in sports, and in this case it is saying that it is not impossible to quit smoking. Indeed, Adidas argues a valid point, sending a positive message to society, and one should strive to spread a similar message. Accordingly, the ad campaign utilizes a series of rhetorical strategies to successfully grasp the reader’s attention. These rhetorical strategies involved in the ad are what make it a powerful message. Primarily, the visual representation is setup to make the message really clear. The ad brushes upon the pathos aspect of rhetoric to grab the viewer’s attention. Making a statement such as â€Å"impossible is nothing† and displaying the butt ends of lit out three cigarettes with one cigarette three quarters of the way lit finished, to the second that is almost finished to the filter, and the third that is finish all the way. See more: Old Age Problem essay This is done purposely as practically everyone recognizes the Adidas logo, and can instantly perceive the message behind the ad. The ethos, or the aspect of credibility in this ad lies in the fact that Adidas is a big brand name, its products are widely purchased all over the world and its motto is recognized globally. In this respect, the audience witnesses two different ideas being presented to them at the same time: the symbolism behind the Adidas logo that allows the viewer to conjure the image of sports, and the lit out cigarette butts in association with their motto, which make it quite clear that this is an anti-smoking campaign. Their message as a sports team is the fact that â€Å"impossible is nothing†, and this concept is meant to apply to dedicating to new endeavors in sports, and is quite often applied to life in general. In this specific ad campaign, smoking is not impossible. Surely, quitting smoking is most certainly possible and there are many living examples of them today. For instance, my interview with Michael Dempster, a sophomore at Drexel University proves that it is in fact quite possible to quit smoking. Michael mentioned that ever since he got involved with the different sports programs offered at Drexel, such as intramural basketball and the gym that is available for convenient hours during the day and night, he was smoking less and less until the habit completely left him. It is inspiring and appropriate in the sense that Michael’s story applies to the topic of sports and athletics and how there is an inverse correlation between sports and smoking. One promotes good health while the other mars it. Michael mentions â€Å"it felt pretty good to lay off the smoking, and getting involved in an active lifestyle† (Dempster). He adds that â€Å"smoking always made (him) feel short of breath† while a good day’s workout â€Å"helped (him) breath more smoothly† (Dempster). From the perspective of blogger Zoe Colton, the viewers of the ad â€Å"see the cigarette butts in stages†, and implies that â€Å"quitting smoking is a process and should not be all at once† (Colton). Colton also feels that the Adidas Company â€Å"promotes healthy image of athletic gear† and that they â€Å"care about the health of the customers†. She also mentions how the ad is revealing how it not only â€Å"promotes a smoke-f ree lifestyle† but it also shows how â€Å"health equals power† (Colton). Furthermore, there have been many researches done and papers written regarding the very topic of smoking. According to Terri Pettinger, a researcher in the field of health studies at the Alliant International University, â€Å"Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the world† (Pettinger). Not only is this a ubiquitous fact, but it is the one of most commonly ignored health warnings in today’s society. It is due to these reasons that the audience is being reminded by companies such as Adidas that there are always better alternatives, such as sports. Adidas is known for being a global promoter of health, and often reveal studies that reveal how sports can lead to an increase in one’s lifespan. Quite interestingly, Pettinger mentions â€Å"smoking accounts for an average reduction in lifespan of 13.2 years† (Pettinger). There are many people out there that have stopped smoking due to a variety of reasons, including societal issues such as second hand smoke which is harmful to the community, and also one’s family if the habit is common inside households. Of the numerous reasons for people to stop smoking, one’s own health remains the primary reason for most, and should be a consideration. Adidas touches upon the heart of this issue, by making it personal for the individual viewer, and treating the advert as if it were one of its new sports releases such a shoe or a ball. Just as a new brand name shoe speaks individually to the viewer, and assures him/her that they must own a pair of them, the message of quitting smoking speaks in the same manner. Works Cited Dempster, Michael. Personal interview. 10 Jan. 2013. My Interview with former smoker Michael Dempster, who explains how he got out of the habit of smoking Colton, Zoe. Quit Smoking. Get Healthy. Adidas? Notes from Zoe. Zoe Colton, 10 Apr. 2012. Web. 22 Jan. 2013. Pittenger, Terri. â€Å"Hostility and Smoking† Alliant International University, Nov. 2011. Dissertation. 30 Jan. 2013.

Motion Sickness Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Motion Sickness Ever felt carsick, airsick or seasick? Motion sickness is the most common medical problem associated with travel. As a child I was always told that "it was in my head," that if I wanted to, I could make it go away. I was made to believe that motion sickness was a psychological problem. To certain extend it is true that it is in my head, but it is not a psychological defect, but rather, a disorder that occurs when conflicting sensory information is sent to the brain. This mild and self-treatable disorder can affect anyone, but recent studies seem to imply that motion sickness may affect certain groups of people more than others. This paper will discuss the causes of motion sickness and will question the genetic and racial implications as contributing factors. The anatomy of balance Balance is maintained by a complex interaction of sensory parts of our body. The first are the inner ears, which monitor the directions of motion (such as side to side, back to front, up and down, and turning). Some people may feel dizzy without having to be spinning or turning. This dizziness is sometimes caused by an inner ear problem. Changes of fluids in the semicircular canals of the inner ear are one of the attributing factors of motion sickness. (1). Second, the eyes monitor where the body is in space and also the direction in which the motion is taking place. Third, the skin pressure receptors (joints and spine) send messages to the brain to inform what part of the body is down and touching the ground. Lastly, the muscle and joint sensory receptors are in charge of informing the brain which parts of the body are in motion. Through the interaction of all these parts, the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal c... ...should therefore, not be used or imply that motion sickness is part of one's self identity. It is true that some individuals are naturally prone to motion sickness since childhood (including myself), but this should not be because one is Latino or African-American. In fact, I dismiss the notion that race has anything to with one having motion sickness. Perhaps, it would've been better to investigate the environment and conditions of where people are located; there may be risk factors related to one's location in a geographical space. References 1)What Causes Motion Sickness http://www.bcrescue.org/carsickness.html 2)Dizziness and Motion Sickness http://www.entnet.org/healthinfo/balance/dizziness.cfm?o=0 3)What's Motion Sickness http://community.healthgate.com/ 4)What Causes Motion Sickness http://www.motion-sickness.net/aboutms2.htm<br>

Abyssal Zone

Abyssal Zone Steven Jevan 10. 2 Located deeper than 2000 meters underneath the ocean surface, lies a biome that we have barely seen and realize. This unbelievable and incredible biome is called the abyssal zone. With a depth reaching down to 6000 meters, it is impossible to inhabit this biome. Conversely, certain organisms have managed to keep their survival in this very biome through particular processes. Initially, the abyssal zone and the living organisms inside it, suffers the extreme conditions. The word â€Å"abyss† is taken from a Greek word, which means â€Å"bottomless sea†. The abyssal zone itself is located between 2000 and 6000 meters underneath the ocean surface. It is located under the bathyal zone and above the hadal zone. In this depth, sunlight is unable to penetrate through. Therefore, this zone is filled with complete and perpetual darkness. At the same time, in a location this deep, the pressure is unbearable to humans. It is written that, â€Å"Because water pressure increases one atmosphere every 33 feet in depth, animals in the abyssal zone must be able to withstand tremendous amounts of pressure. † (Abyssal). Therefore, animals must be able to withstand up to 11,000 psi. It is incredible how certain organisms are able to survive in this depth, since this amount of pressure would crush a human immediately. Moreover, since the depth oh this biome is extremely deep, the temperature varies from 0 to 4 degrees Celsius. In addition to that, the salinity of the water in the abyssal zone range between 34. 6 and 35. 0 parts per thousand. We do no realize it, but the abyssal zone covers 60% of the earth and 83% of the oceans. So with these abiotic factors and harsh conditions mentioned, we tend to ask the question, â€Å"How is it possible for organisms to inhabit this biome? † As mentioned before, it is almost impossible for organisms to inhabit this biome, but through particular process, it is possible. Generally speaking, fish that lives near the bottom of a sea is categorized as demersal fish. However, demersal fishes are then divided again into two types based on their habitat, coastal and deep-water. As you can see, the fish th at lives in the abyssal zone are categorized as deep-water demersal fish. Examples of these fishes are the: deep-water angler fish, giant grenadier, giant squid, viper fish, etc. There are two ways in which organisms can survive in this biome. First of all, the predators could find their prey. In the abyssal zone, it is extremely dark. However, some fish posses a luminous object to act as bait. For instance, the deep-water angler fish owns a luminous object in its spine. Since the biome is extremely dark, the only luminous object will attract the other fish’s attention. The second way to survive this biome is through the process of chemosynthesis, rather than photosynthesis. Chemosynthesis is a process in which carbon molecules and nutrients are converted into organic materials using the oxidation of inorganic molecules. Rather than using sunlight as the source of energy, chemosynthesis uses the oxidation of inorganic molecules as the source of energy. In the abyssal zone, there is a steady and much higher concentration of nutrient salts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica compared in the waters above. Britannica states that, â€Å"This is because abyssal and hadal waters are the reservoir for the salts from decomposed biological materials that settle downward from upper zones, and the lack of sunlight prevents their uptake by photosynthesis. (Abyssal Zone). Also, there is a special term given to the leftovers of animals, plants, and non-living matters that drift down to the lower zones of the ocean, it is called marine snow. In the abyssal zone, the primary producers are bacteria. These bacteria can also be referred as chemotrophs, or chemosynthetic autotrophs. Therefore, the process of chemosynthesis plays a vital role in the survival of those organisms in the abyssal zone. I have to admit that th e abyssal zone is a remarkable and incredible biome in this earth. Under those harsh and extreme circumstances, the abyssal zone is able to maintain its own organism richness. I find it very hard to believe, but it is what exists in this world. Based on research, the abyssal zone is relatively safe from the harmful effects in the upper part of the earth. The abyssal zone is located so deep and shallow under the ocean surface that it is not affected by the problems associated in the ocean surface. In the long run, certain organisms have managed to keep their survival in this very biome through particular processes. The abyssal zone, which is almost inhospitable, turns out to be a habitat for certain organisms. I must say that this biome is phenomenal and implausible. Works Cited †¢ Abyssal. Web. 1 Sept. 2009. . †¢ Abyssal Zone. Wikipedia. Web. 1 Sept. 2009. . †¢ Abyssal zone. Britannica. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. . †¢ Autotroph. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. . †¢ Chemosynthesis. Wikipedia. Web. 1 Sept. 2009. . †¢ Chemosynthesis. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. . †¢ Demersal fish. Wikipedia. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. . †¢ Marine Snow. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. . †¢ Pelagic fish. Wikipedia. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. . †¢ What is Chemosynthesis? Web. 2 Sept. 2009. .